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Project 1: The TDC Device- Edison and The Scole Experiments Project 1 is an experiment where we take a look at historical evidence, references, and reproductions of The TDC (trans-dimensional communication) device. (Give brief device synopsis here) (Add any ITCBridge forum links to past TDC device discussion here) Special thanks to Dr Jeffers and Steve Glanz for taking the time to compile this information so that the public may benefit from it. We welcome all experimenters from around the world to join the discussion as well as share their audio samples, commentary,, and any supplemental information regarding this device and the concepts involved. Keith

1. Abstract Following my experiments with the RS-FlipFlop EVP receiver I was looking for other setups that would generate impulse encoded spirit speech patterns as well, as I stumbled across this YT video. The guy in the video used a neon lamp to generate rhythmic sound patterns. As i heard these sounds my ears grew because i recognized speech patterns. The physics of a neon bulb is not hard to understand. It is a gas discharge lamp that is very well explained here. The neon bulb or neon lamp contains rarified neon gas and also other gases in a glas cylinder. By applying a voltage the lamp starts to glow. The working principle is based on electrons emitted from the cathode that become accelerated by the electric field of the voltage. As the electrons make their way through the space between the electrodes they gain speed and energy. Since the electrons don't move through empty space but through rarified gas they'll hit a gas molecule after a while. The molecule takes the kinetic energy from the electron, i.e. the outer electrons in the molecule move up to a higher level. Because the molecule tends to get back into a stable state the energy is now emitted as photons. This is the light we see. Because ionized gas is called "plasma" I used this term for my receiver. Every electron hit cause a small current impulse. If the current goes through an af transformer it can be heard as a crackling spark sound, similar to a radioactive counter. The interesting thing about this effect is that electrons are emitted from the cathode when a certain voltage is reached and the electron emission, acceleration and gas molecule impact is a nonlinear avalanche effect. My idea was to raise the voltage just up to this critical level so that a small spirit impact would kick off the avalanche effect. In short words the spirits would trigger the impulses. 2. Electronic schematic of neon bulb receiver The electronic was a bit of a challenge. As already explained in the abstract I needed an adjustable driving voltage for the neon lamp. The problem is that neon bulbs start to work between 90V and 120V, not really a voltage you can get in a battery. The solution was a relaxation oscillator with the transformer, TR1 and the components R3, R2, D2 and C5. The oscillator generates a high ac voltage up to 150V that gets rectified by D2 and charging C5. The voltage at C2 is routed via a potentiometer and the primary winding of TR2 to the neon lamp. The potentiometer limits the current ans helps to tune the neon lamp near the avalanche start. The crossover switch S1a/b is a bit of a special gimick. If you run a neon lamp permanently on dc voltage a degradation of the cathode is taking place. This phenomenon is called "cathode sputtering" . Every electron leaving the cathode takes a little of the cathode material with it and layers it over the anode. Thus by the time the cathode shrinks and the anode grows. In normal applications this is no problem since the neon lamp is operated with ac voltage and not dc. In my device I simply put in a crossover switch that should be actuated from time to time to reverse the sputtering process. A word regarding the neon lamp. Neon lamps are used abundantly in many applications. For examplesome screwdriver contain a neon lamp for the technicians to check if power supply outlets are carrying voltage. For my design I used a "flickering candle light effect" lamp. Its electrodes are not small wires but bigger surfaces. That gives the discharge streamers more opportunities to spread and this provokes impulses, an ideal configuration for ITC. 3. Mechanical Assembly Without my deliberate intention, the receiver design resembled a steampunk machine. I used an aluminum profile as a heat sink for the transistor. However in the end it turned out thet the BUT12 was switching so fast that it hardly generated any heat. ITC Plasma Voice Receiver complete device Electronic module and cables The Neon Bulb in Action 4. Test results The experiments with this device were amazing. A lot of good voice samples and some strange anomalies occurred during the tests. The basic signal characteristic is shown in the picture below. Signal characteristic of plasma voice receiver The impulses are very short and were meeting my expectations so far of a signal characteristic that is dominated by avalanche effects. The impulse levels are varying. This is a clear advantage compared to the RS flipflop where the impulse levels are constant more or less. Varying levels means better modulation possibilities. Zoomed representation of impulses As I started my tests it appeared to me as if the spirits were surprised. It seemed they immediatly started testing the device with the typical sentence "Eins, Zwei, Drei.." what means "one, two, three,.." in English. "Eins, Zwei, Drei" Moreover I ecountered some anomalies. On one sequence I got a sound like an old rotary dial jack as it was used in old analog telephone systems. Dial Sequence Another attitude I observed was the tendency to emit sudden low frequency oscillations like these. And another strange encounter that I was facing was a a remarkable hollow sound, very faintly here. Apart from the fact that the sound was rendering a flying by UFO there was another thing that thrilled me. I had heard this sound before! Approximately ten years ago, before I became spiritual and before I was enlisting for ITC I was experimenting with modulated light. To put it simply I developed a simple light microphone with an photo transistor. I installed it in my car and was driving around while recording all the sounds of street lamps, neon lights, CFL's, headlights of cars a.s.o. In one of those recordings i catched the same hollow sound. For comparison you can hear here the old recording. Both sounds just differ in pitch but not in the general characteristic. Thus I already caught my first ITC recording 10 years ago or both recordings are something else not related to ITC. Who knows? A complete gallery of all sound samples can be found here. The sound of the voices is rather deep and distorted but most amazingly noise free. At the time I tested my design I used audacity denoising to convert impulses in more intelligible sound. I didn't know yet that Paulstretch was a better way to achieve this goal as denoising is. This is the reason why I want to run another test sequence in the future with Paulstretch signal processing. In a final evaluation it can be determined that the generation of spirit impulses by use of a neon bulb has lots of potential. Two weeks ago I have tried something with a very simple technique. I took a piece of plastic foil and crumpled it gently with my fingers. After recording the sound I almost found an ideal configuration of impulses in terms of frequency, pulse width and level that could be very well transformed with Paultretch. The impulses from the neon bulb are very similar to then one gained with plastic foil. The impulses are less "harder" in sound compared to the RS-Flipflop and timing and rhythm are very near to human speech. I think there is still unduscovered potential in this fascinationg steampunk-like technique.

Most ITC aficionados start with the gold old germanium diodes as noise sources for ITC sessions. The noise structure is more rough compared to silicon diode noise and the noise much louder than with the latter ones. The best diodes for ITC I ever tried were the old OA9. These are very rare now and probably obsolete. Years ago i stumbled upon an article about the work of Oleg Lossew. He was a russian radio technician and the first one who scrutinized semiconductor properties of certain materials like crystals and sulphite- and oxide layers. He was supposed to be the first one who encountered the LED effect in carborundum crystals as well. Then I found the website of Nyle Steiner who turned Lossew works into real practice. I followed Nyles advices and fabricated a zinc oxide substrate by burning a piece of zinc galvanized iron in the flame of a butan torch. A layer of white and black zincite flakes was the result. If you now take the iron sheet as one electrode and a spring beared steel needle as a second, slightly touching the zincite flakes and you route a small current over a resistor in series through it, then you'll hear a strong noise if you are tapping the audio at the zincite electrode and pass it over to an amplifier or recorder. I made a real device from this setup. The noise is pretty strong with spirit voices but of very low quality. However if you give the spirits some time to align with the physical properties of this setup, it will go better. A drawback is that the bias you need to establish by properly placing the needle is unstable. It take some seconds to find a place for the needle tip that gives good noise. Sadly by the time because of the weight, the needle will press itself though the soft flakes and the bias will change. So readjustment or even replacing of the zincite substrate will be necessary. Electronic schematic of Zincite EVP-Receiver Making an EVP receiving device

1. Abstract My first laser experiment was a failure. But now as I had dived into this area I wasn't willing to give it up too fast. In our group discussions we talked about laser interferometry. This well known technique is based on the overlay of two laser beams coming from the same source and running over different paths by use of a beam splitter. If both beams come together again they are creating an interference pattern. This phenomenon is due to the oscillating nature of light that shows a sinusoidal waveform. The cool thing about LI is that it is a very susceptible measuring technique for tiny changes in the laser path. The wavelength of a laser is measured in nanometers. These are the thousand-billionth part of a meter. If a change of the path lengths appears in one of the laser beams that comes to fall in this magnitude there will be a tremendous change in the interference pattern. My idea was that maybe spirits could project enough energy on the path to cause such changes. 2. Principles of laser interferometry In the schematic above you can see the classical "Michaelson-Morley" interferometry setup. A laser beam, emitted by a laser diode, is hitting a beam splitter in an angle of 45°. The beam splitter merely is a simple sheet of glass. It lets pass a part of the beam and another part is reflected. The difference between a beam splitter and ordinary window glass is that a bleam splitter is covered with a thin layer of reflecting material so that the original beam is split in two new beams with each 50% intensity. A normal sheet of glass does not provide the 50:50 ratio but later it turned out that this fact was not that important. Both beams go over separate paths that are having a mirror placed. The mirror throws the beam back to the splitter. There again they become split and one part of each beam now runs through a biconvex lens. The lens is projecting both beams overlayed on a screen. In the area on the screen where this happens a characteristically interference patterns appears, a structure of bright and dark lines. If you now would place a small photodetector at one of these lines so that it just gets the light from this line you made one of the most susceptible instruments on earth. If anything on the laser paths changes down to a fraction of a nanometer the light of the lines will change. The dark lines will become bright and vice versa. You just need to amplify the signal from the phototransistor a bit and you are done. A good article covering laser interferometry can be found here. An introductional video from Varanormal can be seen here: Varanormal video about laser interferometry 3. Mechanical setup While the previous setup was tricky, this one was challenging! As I already said in the previous chapter, the slightest change of the laser paths yields into a strong change of the interference pattern. Thus I had to make everything solidly fixed. Another challenge was the needed accuracy. Mechanical setup of laser interferometer The beam needed to be split. Therefore I obtained some pretty expensive and rare beam splitters, small sheets of glass with a very slight reflection layer on them. Everything, splitters, mirrors, diode and phototransistor should be adjustable but also capable of being fixed. Otherwise the laser beam would be defocused permanently. Thus I used magnets as mounting bases and angles and screws for the splitters. The phototransistor was placed on a threaded rod where you can adjust its height by using nuts. I placed it accurately so that it was getting light from one interference line, more or less. 4. Electronic schematic As you see the schmatic is simpler compared to my first design. This is because some experience was getting in the considerations. The laser driver is now simpler as I observed I didn't need as much preamplification as I expected before. Also the receiver unit became simpler. The use of a phototransistor facilitated the electronic a lot and since the interference pattern changes dramatically we don't need so much amplification here too. To keep it simple I just used simple transistors. What I did was to throw in an AC hum filter. Most powers supplies and wall adapters are a mess in respect of audio applications and some capacitors and inductors help a lot to get around this annoying problem. 5. Test results Signal after switching on the laser The signals the LI produced are not comparable with anything I have investigated before. What I got was a noise, pure and clean sound, like ocean waves on a shore, going up and down in the amplitude very slowly. After switching on the laser they appeared more rapidly but then calmed down more and more. I think there are temperature effects playing a role here. When the laser heats up it affects the length of the laser paths and this signal calms down the more the temperature distribution reaches equilibrium. But this is just a hypothesis. It does not explain the up and down of noise. The signal appeared to me like energy waves. Energy wave in detail The spectrum of the signal was a little weird. I was used to the more or less spectral compositions that are declining with 1/f but this spectrum showed more of a bandpass characteristic. Spectrum of interference signal The first experiments I did without any laser modulation to make a slow approach at the start. Then I found voices. They were scattered unevenly over the signal. Sometimes they occurred very strong when the energy wave was reaching it's maximum and sometimes they hid as whisperings in the calm areas. An example of a strong sound (Denoised): "Wir werden noch mehr" An example of a soft sound(Denoised): "Wo Licht?" Another example (Slightly denoised): "Der Arme stirbt" This was impressive by its simplicity: "Hallo?" Basically I got two types of voices, fast ones and slower ones. The fast ones I needed to slow down with the tempo function in Audacity and they became a more vocoder-like quality. Another thing I observed was that the most voices appeared shortly after switching on the device. This phenomenon I was already facing with direct microphone voices in an extreme manner. By some miraculous effect it seems that the energy for the voice transmission is stronger after switching on the equipment and decreases by the length of time. The authors Spirik & Loos also reported this phenomenon in their book "Nachrichten aus dem Jenseits" A gallery of recorded voice samples can be found here. 6. Anomalies It's always weird to talk about anomalies in ITC that is regarded as an anomaly itself but since we experimenters see ITC as a normal part of our life we can talk about anomalies in a sense that we observed something we haven't expected. I want to put right here at the beginning that we currently have no explanations for the observed effects. Thus I will only document them here without putting any theories or assumptions so far. 6.1 Bumps I called them Bumps because they resemble a very deep bumping sound. They normally occur in a pair of two: "Bump" 6.2 Spooky Sound I had no better designation for this sound because it really sounds a bit spooky, like a soft howling voice: "Spooky Sound" 6.3 Laser shots Sound pretty much like the laser shootings in StarWars: "Laser Shot" 6.4 Hum bursts I think these are also voices but they come in like a strange humming wave: "Hum Burts" 6.5 Tones This is the weirdest thing we observed with the laser interferometer. To be honest we actually don't know if it is really a paranormal phenomenon yet. It is an ongoing research to discover what is behind this and we will post our proceedings in one of the blogs soon. We oberved the "tones" only after a while after we employed the interferometer as an audio stream for long term investigations. The tone is sudden and very strong, having an outstanding low frequency burst with a duration of almost exactly 1s. Hear: "Tone" Time domain signal of tone The tones are following special rules I just want to put here. They were found empirically. Width of tone is always around one second with very low deviation The distance between two consecutive tone in a group are generally 1.5s, 4s and 9s. There may be some particular distances that deviate from those values The dominating frequencies are basically 27 Hz, 70 Hz, 129 Hz, 227 Hz, 327 Hz Don't ask us anything about the meaning of these tones yet. We have no idea! 7. Evaluation In my eyes the first steps and results in laser interferometry are opening up a complete new field of research. We have only begun to lift the cover a bit. What now is needed is a more stable setup that I already developed and it will be described in a following topic. Then we can do more long term experiments. This is really something I would like to get some volunteers aboard to analyze the huge data we will gather by the time in search for voices and tones. Anyone is welcome to participate!

1. Abstract One of the best ITC related teachbooks I ever bought is "Nachrichten aus dem Jenseits" written by Herbert Josef Spirik and Horst Rudolf Loos. In fact this is the only book I ever knew that handles ITC from an engineer's point of view. Both authors are electronic engineers and the whole book is a startling practical work with lots of experiments and also some hypothesis about the nature of ITC. If I had to move to an island where I'd just be allowed to take one book with me, this would be my choice. A whole chapter (5.5) is dedicated to the works of Dr. Ing. Franz Seidl, an austrian engineer born in 1912 and a pioneer in experimental transcommunication. One of his best designs was the psychophon. This device was a product of Dr. Seidls experiences with ITC radio sessions. Those worked pretty well and Dr. Seidl thought that the special type of noise generated in the radio receiving process was a crucial factor for ITC. He concluded that more bandwith would let in more of this noise in terms of more usable entropy for the spirits. The problem with standard radio equipment in terms of ITC is that all those device are narrow banded. Thus Mr. Seidl decided to take a standard radio setup and throw out everything thats limiting the bandwith to get a receiver in the end that was entirely broadband. He gained remarkable success with this idea. As I studied his design and electronic schematics in the aforementioned book it quickly became pretty clear to me that this design could be dramatically simplified by use of more modern circuits. This was the goal of my experiment. 2. Electronic schematic of Psychophone My design is pretty straightforward. The core of the device is the IC TAA7642 that is a descendent of the famous ZN414. This was a miraculous circuit from the 70s where mediumwave broadcasting was abundant. The ZN414 came up with a standard transistor casing and also had 3 legs. In fact it looked like a transistor! But inside was a very nice 3-stage regulated HF amplifier and a high quality AM(amplitude modulation) detector. The whole design of this circuit was broadband! The only thing that limited the bandwith was a standard lumped LC-circuit that had to be connected to to input. Thus for the psychophone it was logically to take this design and replace the LC circuit by just a simple receiving coil. I added a simple transistor to the output of the TAA7642 in order to boost the demodulated AF(audio frequency) a bit and I was done. Moreover I wanted to incorporate another concept I read about in the books of Spirik&Loos. They wrote that an inductor antenna coiled in the shape of a pentagram has special properties that makes it very useful for ITC. It was simple to construct the receiving coil at the input of the TAA7642 in exactly this way. Sadly I lost the antenna somehow and don't have a photo anymore but it's really easy to make if your are downloading a pentagram shape like this from the internet, print it out, glue it on a pice of plywood, drive nails through the edges and follow the interconnecting lines with your wiring. Coil some 30 turns of wire and you're done. 3. Test results with Psychophone The results were really awesome. The signal itself was as you expect it from radio with lots of statics. With a little denoising of around 25dB lots of voices appeared and could be made audible. However many of them were extremely fast aandI used the tempo change in Audacity to slow them down by 30%. This post processing added a new quality to the voices. They adopted a vocoder like sound with some reverb in it. But this did not affect the intelligibility of the voices. Raw signal of Psychophone A gallery of voice samples can be found here. I also discovered some anomalies. The following one was intruiging. It was a strange hollow sound like a weird howling or like a big crowd of cheering people heard from the distance Listen here: Anomaly The results can even be improved by use of an additional transmitter. Due to Spirik&Loos an energy field from a small mediumwave transmitter can improve the quality of voices. This could easily be realized with an NE555 or any other Schmitt-Trigger inverter. However this is stuff for another topic. My final evaluation of the Psychophone is that it is a brilliant idea that can be simplified without lack of quality with modern highly integrated electronic circuits. The pentagram antennas worked very well. However it might be that other antenna types perform the same. This is up to more tests.

1. Abstract This article is referring to my previous paper "12 - Time Domain Noise level Discrimination - an approach to enhance ITC voice modulation". In this paper I hypothesized that the bad voice quality was related to the spectrum of germanium generated noise and could be improved by using white noise. I wanted to prove this hypothesis and I revised my electronic circuits to employ white noise from a Zener diode to compare the spectral composition and the voice quality against my results with germanium noise. 2. Electronic schematic You see that compared to my previous circuit not that much has changed. The only difference is the noise generator. I now took advantage of the noise generated by a 3.3V Zener diode that is emitting very clean white noise. Since the noise amplitude is smaller than the one generated by a germanium diode I needed to implement another 20dB amplifier stage. I also found out that an adjustment for the output bias of the last noise amplifier stage is useful to make the signal more symmetrically. The rest of the circuit stayed unchanged. 3. Test results with white noise level discrimination There were no noticeable changes in the time domain signal of the noise. However it was noticeable that the post processed voices sound more rich and not quite as croaky. The modulation was much better compared to the results of the previous setup with germanium noise. This is no wonder because the modulation enhancements rely on the signal discrimination and not the noise itself. Time domain representation of post processed voice signal The next step was to compare the spectral compositions between the previous setup with germanium noise and the new setup with white noise. Spectrum of post processed voice signal with germanium noise Spectrum of post processed signal with white noise It is obvious that the signal based on white noise has a quite richer spectral composition than the one with germanium noise. A second reason for the higher bandwidth of the latter lies in the fact that less post processing was needed with white noise, i.e. denoising and filtering. All I did was apply Paulstretch with a stretch factor of 1.6 and 0.1s resolution, followed by 23dB and 7dB denoising. To make the differences between the old design with germanium noise source and the new design based on white noise better comparable I have put a 10s audio sequence of each signal into one mp3-file. The first 10s are with germanium noise and the second with white noise. Both are separated by a 2s pause. Comparison of sounds You can find some additional audio exports here. In a final evaluation the conclusion can be drawn that white noise really does improve the signal quality in noise level discriminated signals. This is not only mirrored by the spectral composition but also by listening to the exported audios. Thus this experiment is valued as successful.

1. Abstract From all my experiments with noise in ITC and the investigation of spirit impulses I drew two conclusions. Spirits use only a limited part of the noise spectrum. There is a lot waste remaining, contaminating the output signal Spirit impulses have a very good signal to noise ratio. The information loss of impulses compared to unclipped noise signals can be compensated by techniques like Paulstretch, an algorithm in Audacity, up to a certain degree. From those conclusions I got the impression that removing the base floor in a noise signal that is below the spirit impulses could enhance the modulation of the resulting voice signal. This theory I will explain in the following chapter. I wanted to create a setup where I could remove some lower level parts of the noise not contributing to the modulation, and see if the resulting modulation improves. 2. Noise level discrimination Let's take an example to clarify my thoughts. Imagine we have a noise signal with spirit voices buried in it. Raw noise signal You can see very clearly that you can divide this signal into three vertically stacked areas. The upper third is made of spikes with positve amplitude. The lower third is a mirror of the previous one with negative spikes. In the middle there is an area we can identify as a base noise floor. If we take into account that the crucial information is encoded in the spikes then the middle part is obsolete as it adds nothing valuable to the modulation. If we would estimate the modulation factor of the above shown signal then it could be roughly something around 30% and only a part of the 30% comes from spirits. The modulation factor is principally calculated as a ratio of amplitude maximum and minimum more or less. Cutting out the base floor Now let's imagine we could take a magic scissor and cut out the middle part of the signal that contains the base floor of noise. Glue together upper and lower section The last step is to remove the cutout and push both remaining sections together. You see that the modulation factor is now near 100% and thus also the spirit voice modulation should be enhanced. See it as a kind of filtering process in the time domain but keep in mind that it is no real filtering but rather a discrimination of certain noise levels specified by a window. 3. Electronic schematic of noise level discriminator Let me explain the electronic that does the discrimination. In the lower left corner you can see the usual virtual ground module I always use when I employ Op Amps. In the upper left corner is also something you should remember. It's my standard realisation of a germanium noise source that gets preamplified with IC1. On pin6 of IC1 we have a noise signal of around 3V amplitude. The following stage on the right is a window discriminator made with two comparators. With P1 you can setup a symmetrical cutout level for both comparators. Principally the combined output of the comparators generates a high signal if the current noise level is in the middle section(base floor) and a low signal if it is outside, where the spikes are. By turning P1 you can make the cutout section thicker or smaller. With P1= 0 Ohm there is no cutout, with P1 = max there is roughly 30% cutout. The comparator output is negated by a NAND gate and controls an analog switch. It switches the audio signal through only when the noise level is outside the cutout area. Signal with cutcout=0 The above picture shows the output signal if P1 is adjusted to 0 Ohms. As expected the signal stays unaffected. Signal with maximum cutout The second picture shows the signal with P1 adjusted to maximum. Now you can see clearly that the middle part of the signal is missing. The discriminator circuit thus works nicely! 3. Test results with noise level discriminator For testing and comparison I made three recordings of 10s duration each in Audacity. The first one I post processed with the following steps in consecutive order. First recording with post processing I recorded the signal without any level discrimination (P1=0 Ohm) High pass filtering with 250 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff Low pass filtering with 6000 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff 3 times denoised with 11dB denoising factor Again high pass filtering with 250 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff Hear the audio: Recording #1 Second recording with post processing I recorded the audio with full level discrimination(P1=max). Paulstretch with delay factor 1.2 and 0.1s resolution High pass filtering with 250 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff Low pass filtering with 6000 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff 2 times denoised with 11dB denoising factor plus 1 time denoising with 7 dB denoising factor Again high pass filtering with 250 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff Hear the audio: Recording #2 Third recording with post processing This recording I made again with zero level discrimination to check if Paulstretch gives the same results with undiscriminated signals as with discriminated ones. Paulstretch with delay factor 1.2 and 0.1s resolution High pass filtering with 250 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff Low pass filtering with 6000 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff 2 times denoised with 11dB denoising factor plus 1 time denoising with 7 dB denoising factor Again high pass filtering with 250 Hz corner frequency and 12 dB/octave rolloff Hear the audio : Recording #3 Now if you take a closer look at the displayed recording signals you may already find out that the signal of recording #2 looks a little sharper than the rest while recordings #1 and #3 are more blurred. Comparing the audio files brings even more findings. If we talk about modualtion quality then recording #2 is better than the other ones in respect of how phonemes can be distinguished. That does not mean that the intelligibility of recording #2 is really better. The problem with the intelligibilty lies in the spectral structure of the resulting noise that is not at optimum for spirit voice generation. Here the old problem shows up again; the germanium diode noise, although it is very sensitive to spirit interaction doesn't give good sounding voices. These are always low, rumbling and croaky. It could be valuable to try different noise source like white noise (germanium noise is pink). Another finding is that Paulstretch unfolds its magic really only on spiky signals. Applying Paulstretch to a continuing signal yields no improvements. In a final evaluation it could be found that an improvement of the voice modulation could be reached and the principle was proven. Since this technique can be used with any form of noise it is up to further experiments to find noise sources with better spectral quality. Even if these contain only low modulation, it now can be enhanced by using level discrimination. Here are some exported samples from another recording with discrimination level near maximum: Voice samples

1. Abstract During my years of research I frequently got information about the use of laser light in ITC. The application for lasers in ITC seem to differ widely. I read about the works of H. O. Koenig who used laser for audio transmission to be intercepted and modified by spirits. But there were also other experimenters who used laser illuminated crystals to improve their session results. My first idea was establishing a microphone based audio stream over a laser beam and recording it. A nice add-on would be to shoot the beam through different types of transparent media like rock crystal, tourmaline or even pure water and see if there would appear any voices in the stream that were not the usual ones we always found in any kind of noise and thus would not be caused by the laser. 2. Mechanical setup This experiment was a bit challenging in terms of mechanical assembly. Normally I just have to stress my mechanical skills for drilling holes in casings and gluing. To gain enough flexibility I conceived a small platform of iron sheets and placed the laser diode and the receiving photo diode as components fixed on neodymium magnets. This way I was free to place the components wherever I wanted. That turned out to be an important feature because I wanted to place different media in the beam path and also use mirrors. 3. Electronic schematic The schematic above shows two units. One is for driving and modulating the laser diode and the other shows the photo receiver and amplifier. OP1 and it's surrounding components are used for generating a virtual ground potential between the 12V power supply and real ground. This is a commonly used technique when you are working with op-amps and unsymmetrical power supplies. The laser is driven by a controllable current source made with T1. The preamplified modulation signal is steering the base of the transistor. The small unit in the lower left edge of the schematic is the adaption of a condenser microphone I used as the audio source principally. However you can also employ different audio sources. The laser is amplitude modulated, what means the light intensity of the laser is regulated up and down according to the amplitude of the modulation signal. The laser light is received by a photo diode. It's signal is amplified in OP3. Since the diode is DC coupled I use P1 to compensate the DC offset resulting from the base intensity of the laser beam. 4. Test results of audio laser transmission I did many test runs with directing the laser beam in the photo diode or using mirrors, crystals and water. A nice effect was the amazing illumination of rock crystal placed in the laser beam. It appeared like a light cloud made of millions of small points floating inside the crystal. The laser in action Illuminated rock crystal I Quickly I got some voices that knocked me off my feet, like "Und sie sind in Panik. Wir sind zwei!". I was so amazed that I was inclined to see this as a major breakthrough in ITC research. However after some test runs the voices disappeared and I didn't know why. I made more tests under different conditions to find out what the the crucial element of success in this experiment was, wether crystals, mirrors, beam-splitters, lenses, water or whatever. After some hours of intense testing it seemed I had found out that it was the presence of the laser itself! Audio signal of laser In my last experiment I directly recorded the signal from the microphone and the laser was in operation without modulation just standing beside without any connection to the setup. That totally befuzzled me! I had no idea how the simple presence of a laser beam should facilitate an ITC connection. Luckily this hypothesis got wiped out as fast as it came. In the end I found out that the very good voices I had caught were plain direct microphone voices and the laser had nothing to do with them! This was a big surprise because I never had success with direct mircophone voices before. Obviously my energy field had grown by this time. This was the reason why they became possible. I could verify this by several more test runs I did with a self constructed condenser microphone that delivered excellent results without any laser working around. I did some more experiments where I replaced the microphone with different audio sources. I used recorded noise, glottal impulses and vocoder samples but I gained no results. Thus you see, in the end it was a failure and a success at the same time. The laser failed but I gained new insights by direct mircophone recording. There will be another topic on the insights gained.

1. Abstract In most of the experiments in our group we employed electronic noise sources. Generally this was semiconductor noise from different types of diodes. We always used the amplitude of the noise e.g. the randomly up and down of the signal level in the time domain to feed our setups. In a vivid discussion we once talked about the frequencies in a noise signal. We wondered if a random signal could be represented by a randomly changing frequency and what would happen if we would FM demodulate such a random signal. I've done so many electronic designs in my life that, with every upcoming question of that kind, some part of my memory starts ringing. In this case I recalled a very interesting circuit I wanted to employ for testing our hypothesis that a demodulated random FM signal would give voices as well and maybe they would be different voices, since we now were working in the frequency domain. 2. Electronic schematic of the PLL Noise EVP Receiver When configuring a new design I look for an integrated circuit that incorporates most of the function I want to implement, as is my standard behavior. In this case it was the NE567. This is a very versatile circuit originally designed for touch-tone decoding. Basically it is a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) circuit that contains an oscillator that can be configured to wiggle around freely in a specified frequency area. If an input signal is fed into the circuit and it's frequency comes into the range of that of the free running oscillator, then the oscillator locks-in on the input signal and follows it phase synchronized. The original application of this circuit was to detect certain frequencies in the early multi-frequency dialing telephone systems. My idea was to let the oscillator run wild in an area above the audible range and let it mix with incoming noise over the input. The circuit provides an FM demodulator output where you can tap an audio signal that followed the frequency movement of the oscillator. And the oscillator more or less circled randomly around the also random input frequency. In total, a very nice chaos! In the end I configured the oscillator to run around 15KHz. A small wire of 10cm length at the input of the circuit injected environmental noise into the PLL. 3. Results with the PLL Noise EVP Receiver The results were so good that we used this device for quite a long time for streaming. However I would say the results with the psychophone were better. The sound of the voices were deep and croaky, very similar to the ones with germanium and zincite but with better intelligibility. Signal denoised by 21dB A gallery of exported audio samples can be found here.

1. Abstract It was more by accident that we experimented with noise impulses in our setup because they were so abundant in the signals we recorded. First we thought that those spikes were just interference signals from common electric sources like power supplies, electrical machine, CFL a.s.o. After I denoised a sequence of spikes by accident I was amazed to find out that they also contained speech patterns. That was the start of a quest for the meaning and characteristic of spirit spikes or spirit impulses as we called them since we knew they were not interference. The fascinating thing was that by proper signal post processing we could recover a good voice part even from just a small bunch of impulses. It was logical to devise a test setup that was designed expecially to scrutinize these impulses we so far just analyzed as a byproduct of other experiments. I wanted to find out if we could gain good quality voices from pure impulses because this digital representation as impulses is practically noise free. 2. Test setup The challenge was to design a circuit that uses a noise signal as an input signal and generates random impulses from them. I had the idea of making two independent noise sources with the very reliable OA9 diode. The preamplified noise would trigger the set- and reset inputs of a simple RS-Flipflop. The idea was that randomly setting and resetting a flipflop would generate trains of impulses with varying frequency and duty cycle. Electronic schematic of first RS-FlipFlop EVP receiver The schematic shows very clearly the two indentically designed noise generators. The trigger sensitivity for each R- or S-channel can be adjusted independently. I provided two LED's with different colours to indicate the SET or RESET state of the FlipFlop. The idea was to give the operator an indication of the triggering count and if the triggering is symetrically or not. For this test I made a breadboard design and no real prototype. 3. Test results The circuit worked pretty much as expected and the signal was very symetrically. That means that SET and RESET events were more or less in equilibrium. The results were very encouraging if a reasonable amount of denoising and hp-filtering in audacity was applied. I was amazed since it was proven that voice patterns coded in impulses can be recovered up to a certain amount that makes the voice intelligible again. You can hear a collection of samples here. 4. A new design The results of the first design were good but I valued it as a bit too complicated. My consideration was that maybe one noise source could do as well and I wanted to use the excellent trigger facilities of the famous monostable multivibrator circuit NE555. That gave me the base of a new design I made 9 months after the first one Electronic schematic of 2nd design You see that this schematic is much simpler. It contains roughly only half of the components from the first design. Here is only one noise source. The amplified signal is feeding the trigger and threshold inputs of the NE555. Basically the trigger input corresponds to the SET input of a RS-FlipFlop and the threshold can be seen as a reset. The NE-555 triggers its internal flipflop if the voltage on Pin 2 undergoes a trigger level of UB/3 = 4V. The output (Pin 3) is set to HIGH then. If the voltage rises above 2*UB/3 = 8V the circuit resets the internal flipflop again.. 5. Results of test with 2nd design Obviously the distribution of impulses is not that symetrical as with the first design but this had no remarkarble influence on the signal quality. The first track shows the raw signal. The second track shows the signal after processing with Paulstretch. This is an intelligent algorithm in audacity designed to stretch a recording by filling the gaps that naturaally occurr by stretching with data that was synthesized after the specification of the raw signal. In our practice Paulstretch proved as very valuable to convert impulses in readable voices. The third track is the signal from track 1 after 18 dB of denoising which is moderate. The picture above shows the impulse trains in zoomed presentation. As expected frequency and duty cycle are varying randomly. A sequence of experiments showed that much impulses do not necessarily lead to good voices despite as one might think because more impulses mean more entropy and more opportunities for the spirits to form voices. This is not the case. In fact it proved that less impulses give better results than much impulses. The reason is that less impulses are an outcome of higher SET/RESET levels on the NE555. Only the amplitude maxima (positive and negative) are triggering impulses thus the noise below does not trigger impulses and only the high impulses of strong voices are making it through. See it as a special form of signal to noise improvement in the time domain. The picture below shows a signal with less impulses in three parts. Left is the raw signal, in the middle the signal after Paulstretch and on the right after denoising Hear the audio sample corresponding to the picture here. You can hear that the rhythm of the speech is very good perceivable even in the raw signal. After paulstretching the result is of so good quality that denoising is almost obsolete. The last picture shows the spectrum of the raw signal. The spiky outline already shows a good modulation with voices. You can hear samples made with this design in the same audio directory as specified above. 6. Conclusions It was proven that impulses triggered by a random noise signal are representing a spirit voice signal in an, I am tempted to say, digital form with very good signal to noise ratio. The paulstretch function in audacity is an excellent tool to convert the impulse trains into a readable signal.

I made my first steps in ITC with the zincite receiver I made (Look at topic "1. Zincite as an replacement for germanium in ITC application"). My intention was to find a cheap and easy replacement for germanium since germanium semiconductors are becoming obsolete more and more. But there is also an application with pure germanium that was successfully tested earlier and is said to be a design of Thomas Alva Edison himself. See article here. I don't know if this is true but I wanted to find out if germanium would give me results comparable to the ones I gained with zincite. Thus I bought a disk made of 98% pure germanium at Ebay and constructed a mechanical assembly that allowed me to place it between to electrodes with one of them to be adjustable with a screw. Mechanical assembly of germanium disk holder Since operating the germanium was not different from working with zincite I just replaced the zincite sub assembly in my receiver by the one shown in the picture above. Tests and results Basically my presumptions were proven. Germanium gave the same quality and sound that i already was used to from zincite. The difference was just that germanium was more stable. I already expected this since germanium is a solid crystal structure and not as weak as zincite. So from a signal quality viewpoint the germanium circuit can easily replaced by zincite. A collection of exported audio sounds can be found here.

Encouraged by my first experiences with germanium semiconductors I was looking for means to improve signal quality and S/R ratio (signal to noise ratio). I frequently heared from other experimentators that different kinds of feedback can improve the voice signals. It seems that positive feedback causes a system to become unstable, adding more entropy to the setup the spirits can use to form speech. The most common form of feedback used in ITC experiments is positive acoustical feedback. I considered if maybe feddback on an electronic level would do as well. Thus I designed the following electronic. Electronic schematic of germanium transistor receiver with feedback The circuit is rather simple. A germanium transistor AF137 is used as the noise source. The negatively biased Base-Collector diode of the transistor is the originof the noise. It is routed via C3 to an operational amplifier with a voltage gain of roughly 40. Via the potentiometer R10 the amplified signal is fed back phase synchronized into the transistor by using the emitter. Original and feedback signal "mix" in the germanium crystal. Test and results In the experiments there was definitely a change is the signal spectra depending on the feedback settings. Spectrum without feedback=0 Spectrum with feedback just before start of self oscillation From an electrotechnical point of view this behaviour is nothing paranormal. Feedback always is changing the frequency response of a signal. All active filters are working this way. I had the impression that with high feedback the intelligibility was slightly improved however certainly more because of the bandfilter properties and not by some paranormal effect. The recorded signal required a certain amount of post processing and the results were comparable to my previous experiments with zincite, maybe a little better. A collection of exported audio samples can be found here. See the attached test reports for more details. ITC-Report 2019-B-01.pdf

The use of the coherer effect is relatively new for ITC. The first occurrence l encountered in an article of the german VTF association. The carbon powder cell described in this article appeared very familiar to me as I had intensively studied the structure of coherers and thus the works of Branly, Marconi and J. C. Bohse. A coherer is an amazingly simply and effective early device for the reception of radio wave energy. It contains fine granular media, particulary metal filings of iron, silver and nickel and two electrodes in lose contact with the filings. The filings are normally covered with thin films of non-conductive media like oxide. In idle mode the coherer has a high impedance of several megaohms. If a radio wave hits the coherer there is something amazing happening. In a moment of some nanoseconds the impedance drops down to some 10 ohms and the coherer may switch a relais or drive a lamp with current. Apart from this amazing effect I discovered that a dc current running through the coherer, provided a proper configuration of the filings, generates a strong noise! To scrutinize this effect I fabricated coherers myself. What you need for this is a file and different metals. I used iron, aluminum and silver I used a vise to fix the material and then filed it down until I had enough filings to fill a small glass tube with them. I made a simple device to apply a voltage and an adjustable current to the coherer. On a lathe I cut a plexiglas rod and drilled in a cavity with an electrode at one end to fill it with filings. The second electrode was a screw thus I could adjust the pressure on the filings very accurately. Experiments with the coherer setup I made tests with iron, aluminum, a nickel-silver mixture and graphite powder (used for lubricating locks from a hw store). Iron gave average results. The noise was not very agile. Aluminum was very eager to noise with huge amplitude changes but it was unstable. The noise ripped off very fast and the coherer needed to be readjusted. An outcome of the fast oxydization of aluminum in air. See below two signal examples from my tests. Aluminum noise signal Graphite Powder signal I analyzed the spectra in Audacity. They were more or less the same. For me that was evidence that the signal quality was an outcome of the naked effect and not the material that emitted the effect. It seems that any conductive material in lose contact would do. What really differed between the materials was the stability of the noise. From this point of view nickel-silver and graphite were superior over the rest. Typical spectrum of a coherer signal Principally the voice quality is rather bad, however there is a steady stream of voices and thus some of them have better quality if you catch the right moment where the actual spectral composition of the noise was at maximum. I needed to do a lot of post processing, mainly denoising and filtering to achieve acceptable results. A collection of audio sample exports as mp3 can be found here. Later i made a heavy simplified version of the coherer that also worked excellent. It contained a piece of plastic tube and two screws as electrodes. See the attached test report for more details on the coherer tests. ITC-Report 2019-G-001.pdf