Cosmologists say that they have uncovered hints of an intriguing twisting in the way that ancient light moves across the Universe, which could offer clues about the nature of dark energy — the mysterious force that seems to be pushing the cosmos to expand ever-faster.
Researchers’ first guess — which remains the leading theory — was that dark energy is an intrinsic property of space, which would mean that the amount of dark energy per unit volume of space is fixed as a ‘cosmological constant’. But some cosmologists theorized that dark energy is made of something else entirely. They call this a quintessence field, after the fifth element, or aether — the name that ancient Greek philosophers gave to an invisible material thought to fill all the empty space in the Universe.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03201-8